Robert Burns (1759-1796)

Robert Burns was born in a small clay cottage near the River Doon in Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland. His father, William Burns, worked as a gardener on a nearby estate. Robert later wrote that no one understood people, their manners, and their ways better than his father. He probably learned much about human nature from him.

From his mother, Robert learned other valuable things. While she worked in the kitchen and dairy, she often sang old Scottish songs and ballads. In the evenings, when she had energy, she told the children traditional stories. These songs and tales left a strong impression on Robert and later appeared in his poems and songs.

Although the family was poor, William Burns wanted his children to have a good education. He began teaching them to read and write at home. When Robert was six, he and his brother Gilbert went to school in Alloway Mill. The boys walked about a mile to get there, and they were happy to learn. After a few months the teacher left and the school closed.

William Burns and a few neighbours then hired another teacher. His name was John Murdoch. Though only eighteen, Murdoch was a clever and devoted teacher. He lived with local families and taught their children. Robert quickly became one of his best students because of his curiosity and talent.

The family later moved to a small farm called Mount Oliphant, and Robert had to help with the heavy work. He was only thirteen when he took on most of the farm duties. The hard work and poor food often made him ill.

Despite the difficulties, Robert kept learning. He read every book he could find and remembered the songs and stories of his home. At fifteen he began to write poems. His early verses showed his love of country life and his sympathy for ordinary people.

Burns wrote many poems in English, but his best work was in the local speech of Ayrshire. In this language he wrote tender songs and lively verses. He showed love for simple people, made fun of hypocrisy, and criticised cruelty.

Before his poems were published, friends and neighbours shared them. People loved Burns’ honesty and feeling. It was said that farm workers and servants would save money to buy a book of his poems.

Burns travelled across Scotland collecting traditional songs and stories. He often refused payment for this work, saying he did it out of love for his country and its culture.

After his father’s death, Robert helped his brothers and sisters for the rest of his life, even though he had little money himself.

Robert Burns died at the age of thirty-seven. His early death was caused by illness and hard work. Despite his short life, he left a great collection of poems full of warmth and truth.

After his death, critics and readers began to appreciate his genius. Today Robert Burns is known as the national poet of Scotland. Every year, on January 25, people celebrate “Burns Night” by reading his poems and singing his songs.

Burns remains loved for his humour, his tender songs, his love of freedom, and his belief in friendship and kindness. His poetry continues to inspire readers everywhere.