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В английском языке, как правило, самые употребляемые слова и словосочетания имеют сокращенные формы, которые используются в большей степени в устной речи, а некоторые из них только в неформальной речи. В основном, сокращения имеют сочетания местоимений и модальных глаголов, глаголов be и have.
Сокращение | Транскрипция | Полная форма |
---|---|---|
I'm | [aɪm] | I am |
I'd | [aɪd] | I had, I would, I should |
I'll | [aɪl] | I will |
I've | [aɪv] | I have |
you're | [jɔː(r)], [juə(r)] | you are |
you'd | [juːd] | you had, you would |
you'll | [juːl] | you will |
you've | [juːv] | you have |
he's | [hiːz] | he is, he has |
he'd | [hɪd], [hiːd] | he had, he would |
he'll | [hiːl] | he will |
she's | [ʃiːz], [ʃɪz] | she is, she has |
she'd | [ʃiːd], [ʃɪd] | she had, she would |
she'll | [ʃiːl], [ʃɪl] | she will |
it's | [ɪts] | it is, it has |
it'll | [ˈitl] | it will |
we're | [wɪə] | we are |
we'd | [wiːd] | we had, we should, we would |
we'll | [wiːl] | we will |
we've | [wiːv] | we have |
they're | [ðɛə] | they are |
they'd | [ðeɪd] | they had, they would |
they'll | [ðeɪl] | they will |
they've | [ðeɪv] | they have |
there's | [ðɛəz], [ðəz] | there is, there has |
there'll | [ðɛəl] | there will |
there'd | [ðɛəd] | there had, there would |
isn't | [ˈɪz(ə)nt] | is not |
aren't | [ɑːnt] | are not |
don't | [dəunt] | do not |
doesn't | [ˈdʌz(ə)nt] | does not |
wasn't | [ˈwəzənt] | was not |
weren't | [wɜːnt] | were not |
didn't | [ˈdɪdn(ə)t] | did not |
haven't | [hæ̱v(ə)nt] | have not |
hasn't | [ˈhæz(ə)nt] | has not |
won't | [wəunt] | will not |
hadn't | [ˈhædnt] | had not |
can't | [kɑːnt], [kæ̱nt] | cannot |
couldn't | [ˈkudnt] | could not |
mustn't | [ˈmʌs(ə)nt] | must not |
mightn't | [ˈmaɪt(ə)nt] | might not |
needn't | [ni͟ːd(ə)nt] | need not |
shouldn't | [ʃˈʊd(ə)nt] | should not |
oughtn't | [ɔ͟ːt(ə)nt] | ought not |
wouldn't | [ˈwud(ə)nt] | would not |
what's | [wɒ̱ts] | what is |
how's | [hauz] | how is |
where's | [wɛəz] | where is |
gotta | [ˈgɔtə] | got to |
gonna | [ˈgɒnə] | going to |
wanna | [ˈwɒnə] | want to |
gimme | [ˈɡɪmi] | give me |
lemme | [ˈlemɪ] | let me |
dunno | [dəˈnəʊ] | don't know |