В английском языке, как правило, самые употребляемые слова и словосочетания имеют сокращенные формы, которые используются в большей степени в устной речи, а некоторые из них только в неформальной речи. В основном, сокращения имеют сочетания местоимений и модальных глаголов, глаголов be и have.
| Сокращение | Транскрипция | Полная форма |
|---|---|---|
| I'm | [aɪm] | I am |
| I'd | [aɪd] | I had, I would |
| I'll | [aɪl] | I will |
| I've | [aɪv] | I have |
| you're | [jɔː(r)], [juə(r)] | you are |
| you'd | [juːd] | you had, you would |
| you'll | [juːl] | you will |
| you've | [juːv] | you have |
| he's | [hiːz] | he is, he has |
| he'd | [hɪd], [hiːd] | he had, he would |
| he'll | [hiːl] | he will |
| she's | [ʃiːz], [ʃɪz] | she is, she has |
| she'd | [ʃiːd], [ʃɪd] | she had, she would |
| she'll | [ʃiːl], [ʃɪl] | she will |
| it's | [ɪts] | it is, it has |
| it'll | [ˈitl] | it will |
| we're | [wɪə] | we are |
| we'd | [wiːd] | we had, we would |
| we'll | [wiːl] | we will |
| we've | [wiːv] | we have |
| they're | [ðɛə] | they are |
| they'd | [ðeɪd] | they had, they would |
| they'll | [ðeɪl] | they will |
| they've | [ðeɪv] | they have |
| there's | [ðɛəz], [ðəz] | there is, there has |
| there'll | [ðɛəl] | there will |
| there'd | [ðɛəd] | there had, there would |
| isn't | [ˈɪz(ə)nt] | is not |
| aren't | [ɑːnt] | are not |
| don't | [dəunt] | do not |
| doesn't | [ˈdʌz(ə)nt] | does not |
| wasn't | [ˈwəzənt] | was not |
| weren't | [wɜːnt] | were not |
| didn't | [ˈdɪdn(ə)t] | did not |
| haven't | [hæ̱v(ə)nt] | have not |
| hasn't | [ˈhæz(ə)nt] | has not |
| won't | [wəunt] | will not |
| hadn't | [ˈhædnt] | had not |
| can't | [kɑːnt], [kæ̱nt] | cannot |
| couldn't | [ˈkudnt] | could not |
| mustn't | [ˈmʌs(ə)nt] | must not |
| mightn't | [ˈmaɪt(ə)nt] | might not |
| needn't | [ni͟ːd(ə)nt] | need not |
| shouldn't | [ʃˈʊd(ə)nt] | should not |
| oughtn't | [ɔ͟ːt(ə)nt] | ought not |
| wouldn't | [ˈwud(ə)nt] | would not |
| what's | [wɒ̱ts] | what is |
| how's | [hauz] | how is |
| where's | [wɛəz] | where is |
| gotta (разг.) | [ˈgɔtə] | got to |
| gonna (разг.) | [ˈgɒnə] | going to |
| wanna (разг.) | [ˈwɒnə] | want to |
| gimme (разг.) | [ˈɡɪmi] | give me |
| lemme (разг.) | [ˈlemɪ] | let me |
| dunno (разг.) | [dəˈnəʊ] | don't know |
Сокращения помогают говорить быстрее и звучать естественно — без них не обходится ни один разговор. Чтобы закрепить материал и научиться уверенно использовать их в речи и письме, переходите к практике в нашем грамматическом тренажёре.
Сокращения
