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Why your face turns pale when you are frightened.
The skin of our faces has a certain color. But the main part of the color of the face is the color of the blood shining through the skin.
When a person is frightened, the brain sends impulses to the blood vessels of the face which become constricted and allow very little blood to pass through the skin of the face. So we see that the face is almost white.
But your face may turn pale not only when you are frightened. Bad air, for example, can make your face turn white, too.
When a person’s face becomes very pale, we must understand that he may faint. If not enough blood is passing through his face, not enough blood may pass through his brain, because the blood-vessels of the brain may be constricted too.
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Why red makes a bull very angry.
It is very difficult to be quite sure about how to answer this question.
No one has made experiments to prove that red makes the bull more angry than any other bright color. It is possible that red really makes the bull angry, because it is the brightest of colors.
Some people think that red makes a bull very angry because it is the color of blood. But nobody can be sure of it, because no one has ever proved it.
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Why we put a spoon in a glass before we pour hot water into it.
When we pour hot water into a glass, the heat may sometimes expand inside of the glass too quickly and break the glass.
A spoon is a good conductor, and if we put it in the glass, it takes some of the heat from the water.
The best spoon for this is silver or copper. But any spoon will be good, because all metals are good conductors of heat.